标题：大学英语二自学教程自学过关教练

学英语二自学教程自学过关教练

unit one   what is a decision

text A

I、课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1、available (a.)可获得的，可得到的

（1）The book you want is not available at present.

你要的书目前没货。

（2）These commodities are available from the stock..

这些商品仓库有货。

二、重点短语

1、the purpose  of doing sth 做…的目的

（1）He said that purpose of studying was not to get a degree, but also to get prepared for the future work.他说学习的目的不只是为拿学位而且也为将来工作做好准备。

（2）The purpose of his helping others is not for return.他帮助别人的目的不是为得到回报。

2、in the way 妨碍；挡路

（1）When I study , my daughter always gets in the way. 我学习时，女儿总是妨碍我。

（2）Too many social activities got in the way of her studies.太多的社交活动妨碍了她的学习。

3、to make a guess at 猜测

（1）It is not easy to make a guess at a man’s age.男人的年龄很难猜测。

（2）Can you make a guess at her occupation?你能猜出她的职业吗？

4、at all levels 以不同层次

（1）The people at all levels of the factory adhere to the belief that quality is the life of the firm. 那个工厂上上下下的人员都坚持这样的信念，即质量是企业的生命。

（2）Leaders at all levels are studying the documents carefully. 各层领导都在认真学习研究那个文件。

5、to be beneficial to 对…有益

（1）Doing exercises everyday is beneficial to the recovery of your health .每天锻炼身体有益于你身体的康复。

（2）Fresh air and nutritious food are beneficial especially to the health of children.

新鲜空气和营养食品对孩子的健康特别有益。

6、to vary from…to… 从…到…不等

（1）The houses vary in size from 50 square meters to 100  square meters.

房子的面积五十至一百平方米不等。

（2）Our teachers vary in age from 25 years old to 55 years old.我们的教师的年龄从二十到五十不等。

7、to be presented with 面对，面临

（1）When presented with the two choices between his wife and his mother. 面对妻子和母亲这两种选择，他感到进退两难。

（2） When he was presented with difficult situations , he was at sea. 面临困境时，他不知所措。

8、in part 部分地，在某种程度上

（1）The driver of the car was in part for the accident.轿车司机对事故负部分责任。

（2）His failure in exam was in part due to his carelessness. 他考试不及格的部分原因是他太粗心。

9、point of view 观点

（1） Different people have different points view about what is happiness. 不同的人对幸福是什么有不同的观点。

（2）My point of view about life is that we should not live only for ourselves . 我的人生观点是我们不应只为自己活着。

10、either/or

(1)非此即彼

You may resign or go—— this is an either/or decision. 你要么辞职，要么走人，这是二者择一的决定。

（2）二者择其一

This exercise should be done in an either/or way. 做这个练习时要二者必选其一。

三、主要句型

1、and the like 等等，诸如此类。

（1）The company is composed of various departments : production , marketing , sales , accounting and like .

公司由各个不同部门构成：生产部，营销部，销售部，财务部等等。

（2）The department store deals in food , toys , clothes , shoes , household electrical appliances and like . 这个百货店经营食品，玩具，服装，鞋类，家用电器等等商品。

2、as well as 除…外，

In spare time , he likes reading novels as well as newspapers. 业余时间，除了读报，他还爱读小说。

3、as + 形容词（副词） + as possible 尽可能地，尽量

（1）We  should help our parents as much as possible in doing housework. 在家务方面，我们应尽可能多帮助父母做一些。

（2）The teacher in primary schools should be as patient aw possible to the pupils. 小学老师应对学生尽可能耐心一些。

II．欣赏与背诵

1、The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.

2. If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made.

3. If there are no alternatives, there is no choice and, therefore, on decision.

4.These trade —offs occur because there are many objectives that organizations wish to attain simultaneously.

5. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.

Text B

Secrets success at an Interview

I. 课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1. interview (vt. / vi.)

(1) 面谈，采访

The journalist interviewed the concerned parties. 记者采访了有关各方。

(2) 面试

When interviewed by a boss, you should not be nervous. 老板对你面试时，一定不要紧张。

2． neat  (a.) 整洁的，整齐的

（1）Though the clothes he wears are not new, they are quite neat 他穿的衣服不新，但很整洁。

（2）Her room is always neat and tidy. 她的房间总是很整洁。

3. intimidate vt. 恐吓，恫吓。

(1) He intimidated the child that he would give him a good beating if he cried. 他恐吓孩子说，如果哭就狠揍他一顿。

（2）The criminal intimidated the woman that he would kill her son if she did not give him $ 50000. 罪犯恐吓那妇女说，如果不给他五万美金，他就杀了她儿子。

二、重点短语及结构。

1. to apply for 申请

(1) He applied for the scholarship to the university, but his application was declined. 他向那大学申请讲学金，但被拒绝了。

(2) He has applied for joining the Communist Party. 他已经申请加入共产党了。

2. to take the trouble to 不辞劳苦，费力。

(1)He took the trouble to come here to help the farmers. 他不辞劳苦来这儿帮助农民。

(2)He wants to succeed in his career, but eh doesn’t want to take the trouble. 他想事业有成，但又不想付出劳动。

3. to put oneself in somebody’s place 设身处地

(1)He did not do that willingly; we should put ourselves in his place. 他那样做不是出于很愿意，我们应该设身处地想一想。

4. to make sure

(1)查明，弄确实

You should make sure that you have turned off all lights before you go out. 出去之前，你应该确定确实已关掉所有的灯了。

(2)确信

I made sure that he would be here 我确信他会来的。

5. at a disadvantage 处于不利地位

(1)This form of foreign trade makes the developing countries at a disadvantage.

这种外贸形式使发展中国家处于不利地位。

6.to turn down

(1)拒绝

He turned down Mary’s invitation. 他拒绝了玛莉的邀请。

(2)调小，调低

Please turn down the radio. It is so noisy. 太吵了，把收音机关小一点。

(3)翻下

It is so hot inside. Please turn down your coat collar. 里面太热了，请把大衣领翻下。

Unit Two

Text A

Black Holes

I.课文语言精要

一．重点词汇

1、exert (vt.)

(1)施加

His wife has been exerting pressure on him to make him resign. 他妻子不断在给他施加压力让他辞职。

(2)尽力

He lives far away from his work unit, but he exerts himself to arrive early every day. 他住的离单位很远，但每天他都尽力早到。

二、重点短语

1. to look like 看起来象

It looks like salt, but it is sugar. 那看起来象盐，其实是糖。

It is very cloudy and looks like rain. 乌云密布看起来要下雨了。

2. to increase to particular point 增加至特定程度

When carbon dioxide increases to a particular point in the room people will feel dazed. 当屋里二氧化碳增加到特定的程度时，人们会感到头晕。

When the pressure increases to a particular point, the roof may collapse. 当压力增至特定程度时，房顶会蹋下来。

3. to suck in 吸入

He said he should suck in knowledge as much as possible when he was young. 他说趁他年青时要尽可能多吸收知识。

The baby can suck in milk from his mother’s breast when hw is hungry. 婴儿一饿，就可以吸食母乳。

4. to know nothing about 对……一无所知

I knew nothing about the news before he  told me. 他告诉我之前，我对那消息一无所知。

He knows nothing about how to operate the machine. 他对如何开那台机器一无所知。

5. in theory 从理论上讲

It is logical in theory, but not workable in practice. 从理论上讲合乎逻辑，但实际行不通。

In theory, these animals belong to the same species. 从理论上讲，他们属于同一种动物。

6.to apply to 适用于，应用于

The theory can be applied to English teaching 这个理论可应用于英语教学。

His method of study doesn’t necessarily apply to you. 他的学习方法不一定对你适用。

7.  research  into 研究

He spent tow years on research into that subject. 他花了两年时间研究那个课题。

8.speculation about 关于……猜测

9.to swallow up 吞没；耗尽

10. to make use of 利用

11. to sound like 听起来

三、主要句型

could have + 过去分词，表示对以前发生的行为或动作的推测

I could have harmed him, but I didn’t intend to. 我可能伤害过他，但我不是有意的。

祈使句+and+分句 如果……就会

Use your head, and you will have a good idea. 动动脑筋，你会想出好办法。

no(not) ……at all 一点也不，根本不

She is quite impatient. So she is no good teacher at all. 她特别没耐心，因而根本不是好老师。

Unit Two

Text B

I. 课文语言精要

一．重点词汇

1.revolve (vt./vi.) 旋转，绕转（常与about/around连用）

A wheel revolves about its axis. 轮子绕轴转

The earth revolves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。

2. glitter  (vi.) 闪闪发光，闪烁

Generally speaking, gold glitters. 一般说来，金子是发光的。

It is a fine day today and we can see stars glittering in the sky. 今天天气晴好，我们可以看到繁星闪烁。

3. concerned (a.)

(1). 有关的

The concerned persons attended the meeting. 有关各方出席了会议。

(2). 关切的，担心的（与about 连用）

Please do not be concerned about my health. 请不要为我的健康担心。

4. largely (ad.)

(1).大量地

He has donated largely to charity. 他向慈善事业大量捐款。

(2)大部分地，大半，主要地

His success was largely due to luck. 他的成功大都由于他的好运气。

二. 重点短语

1. a great many 很多

A great many people gathered in front of the cinema waiting to buy the rickets. 许多人聚集在电影院前等着买票。

2.to make up

(1)补充，弥补

He decided to make up the loss by studying hard.他决定通过学习来弥补他所损失的。

(2)编造

What he said was just a story he made up. 他讲的只是他自己编造的故事。

(3)组成，构成

The mountain and the waterfalls make up a beautiful scenery. 大山和瀑布构成了一幅美丽的风景画。

(4)整理

You should make up your bed after you get up. 起床后你应该自己整理自己的床铺。

(5)化装

She spent two hours in making herself up for the evening party.

她为参加晚会，化装就花了两个小时。

3. to look like 看起来像……

The two men look like twin brothers. 那两个人看起来象双胞胎兄弟。

4. to vary from……to ……从……到……不等

The shirts vary from 38 to 45 in size. 衬衣从38号到45号大小不等。

5. above all 首先，最重要的是

Above all, you should know the method of study of study if you want to be a top student. 要想成为尖子生，首先你要懂得学习的方法。

6. as a rule 通常；一般来说

As a rule , one of his sons will become the mew emperor after the death of the former emperor in the past. 过去皇帝驾崩后，通常由他的一个儿子来当新皇帝。

三．主要句型

1．It is unlikely that……，……是不可能的

It is unlikely that he stole your money. 他不可能偷你的钱。

It is unlikely that we win the match today. 我们不可能赢今天的这场比赛。

Unit Three

Text A

Euthanasia: For and Against

I. 课文语言精要

一．重点词汇

1. deteriorate (vt. /vi. )（使）恶化

In summer, food deteriorates easily. 夏天食物坏得很快。

Leather quickly deteriorates in a hot, damp climate 皮革在热而湿的气候中极易变坏。

二．重点短语

1. to be affected with 患有……疾病

Affected with liver cancer, he felt painful and miserable at the last phase of his life. 因患有肝癌，在他生命最后阶段，他感到疼痛，痛苦无比。

2. no hope of …… 没有……的希望

There is no hope of a bumper harvest this summer because of a serious drought. 由于严重干旱，今年夏季大丰收的希望不大。

3. to have ……at heart 对某事十分关心

After examination, students often have the scores they get at heart. 考过试，学生总是对所得分数十分关心。

4.to debate on… 关于……进行辩论

They debated heatedly on whether college students should do part-time jobs or not. 他们就大学生应不应该打零工进行了激烈的辩论。

5. to make request for 要求……

Mary made requests for being given a room 玛丽多次要求给她一间房子。

6. to care for 照顾

Who will care for the children if their mother dies? 如果这些孩子的母亲死了，谁来照顾他们？

7. to be against 反对

Those who are against the proposal put your hands. 不同意这个提案的人举手。

8. to be opposed to 反对

I was very much opposed to her going abroad. 我极力反对她出国。

9. to ask for 要求，请求

He was so seriously ill that he had to ask for leave. 他病的太重不得不请假。

What you asked for was not reasonable. 你的要求不合理。

10. to open up 开办，坦诚谈话。

They joined their efforts and opened up a factory. 他们共同努力开办了个工厂。

The girl decided to open up and tell us everything. 这女孩决定坦诚地告诉我们一切。

11. to take…into account 考虑到

After taking many factors into account, he decided to go on with his study.他考虑了众多因素后，决定继续读书学习。

12. to opt out (of )决定不参加，决定退出

He has opted out of the election for the Presidency. 他决定退出总统竞选。

三、主要句型

1、not …… any longer 不再

He doesn’t work in our department any longer. 他不再在我们系工作。

2. there is no chance 没机会

If you fail in the exam of another subject, there is no chance for you to get the degree. 如果有一门课不及格，你就没机会拿学位了。

3.as if + 从句（用虚拟语气）似乎，好象

He talks as if he knew all about it. 他说话的口气好象他全部知道了。

4. in that case 如果是那样的话

He would be miserable at the last phase of life .In that case, he would rather die. 在他生命的最后阶段将非常痛苦。如果是那样，他宁愿去死。

Unit Three

Text B

I 课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1. privilege

(1)n. 特权

The stockholders of preferred stocks have the privilege to get the dividends first. 优先股的股东有优先得到股息的特权。

(2)vt. 给予……特权

The boards of directors are privileged to make decisions on behalf of the company. 董事长会被授予代表公司进行决策的特权。

2.appoint (vt.)

(1)任命，委任（后接as）

He was appointed as the monitor . 任命他为班长。

(2)约定

Before the departure, we appointed the time to meet again. 分手之前，我们约定了下次再见的时间。

3. Publish (vt.)

(1)出版，刊印

The novel has been selling well since it was published. 自出版以来，这本书很畅销。

（2）公布，发表

President Jiang’s address at the conference was published in various newspapers. 江主席的讲话发表在各种报纸上。

4. bias

(1)偏见，成见

He is without bias. 他不偏不倚。

(2)有偏见（后接against/towards）(vt.)

Obviously be is biased towards/against the plan. 很显然，他对该计划有偏见。

5. accessible (a.)

(1)易接近的，可用的（常与to连用）

The information is accessible to us . 我们很容易得到这样信息。

(2)易受影响的

He is not a man who is accessible to personal emotions. 他不是一个感情用事的人。

二．重点短语。

1、to amount to  

(1)达到，总计

The total value of these goods amounts to $68000. 这些货物的总价值达到六万八千美金。

(2)相当于，等于

Riding on a bus without paying the fare amounts to cheating the bus company. 乘公共汽车不买票就等于欺骗公共汽车公司。

2、to blame……for  为……责备某人

The mother blamed the child for his lying.母亲责备孩子撒谎。

3、by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言

Man is kind by nature. 人之初，性本善。

4、on average/on the average/on an average 平均

On average, 3 million people died of lung cancer every year. 平均每年有三百万人死于肺癌。

三、主要句型

1、it is worth doing sth 干……是值得的

It is worth spending two hours reading every day. 每天花两个小时来阅读是很值得的。

Unit Four

TextA

Salary on Our Doorstep

I．重点词汇

1.Domestic (a.)

(1) 家庭的，家务的

He has had a good many domestic troubles. 他有许多家庭纠纷。

She’s a very domestic sort of woman. 她是个十分喜欢家庭生产的女子。

(2) 国内的，本国的

Their mew car is a domestic make. 他们的新车是国产的。

2. abroad

adv. 在国外，到国外

Are they still abroad? 他们仍在国外吗？

We are going abroad together. 我们一块到国外去

n. 常与from 连用

He brought back a personal computer from abroad. 他从国外带回一台私人电脑。

3. abuse

vt.

(1)滥用，妄用

Don’t abuse the confidence they have placed in you. 不要滥用他们对你的信任。

(2)虐待，凌辱

Bill was charged of abusing his wife. 比尔因虐待妻子而受到指控。,

n.

滥用；虐待

drug abuse 滥用麻醉药品   child abuse 虐待儿童

an abuse of something 滥用……

4. convict

vt.

(1)证明……有罪（后接介词of）

He was convicted of murder. 他被证明犯有谋杀罪。

(2)宣判

The judge convicted him of robbery 法官宣告他犯抢劫罪。

n.罪犯

同义词condemn 判处，定罪

sentence 判决，宣判

5. despite

prep. 尽管，任凭

He went out despite bad weather. 他不顾天气恶劣出去了。

辨异：despite      in spite of

两者同义，前者语气较轻，且较文气，后者用得更普遍

In spite of the heavy snow, he managed to catch the bus. 尽管大雪阻拦，他仍然设法赶上了车。

6. minimum

n. 最小量，最低限度

We have reduced our expenses to the minimum. 我们已将费用减至最小额。

a. 最小的，最低的，最小定额

Five jiao is the minimum fare on buses. 公共汽车票价起码是五角。

比较 maximum (pl. Maxima)

n. 最大的量体积，强度等

a. 最大的，最高的，最强的

7. immigrant

n. 移民，侨民

European immigrants in Australia 在澳洲的欧洲移民

a. （从国外）移民的，侨民

immigrant school children 移民学童

比较：emigrant 指的是离开本国，移居到外国的人

8.deport

vt. 驱逐出境

The spy was imprisoned for two years and then deported. 那间谍经监禁两年后被逐出境。

二．重点短语

1. complain about 抱怨，控告

I have to complain about /against him because of his rudeness. 我要控告他的无礼。

2. distinguish…from 把…和…区别开来

Speech distinguishes man from animals. 语言把人类和动物区别开来。

三．主要句型

have+宾语+过去分词

(1)表示“遭到某种情况”，这往往是对主语不利的情况或事情。

He had his pockets picked. 他被掏包了。

(2)表示“让某事由某人作”

He had his bike repaired yesterday. 昨天他让人修了自行车。

(3)这种结构的否定式，表示“不允许”

I will not have my house turned into a hotel. 我不会允许我的房子变成宾馆。

Unit Four

TextB

Return of The Chain Gang

I 课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1.deny (vt.)

(1) 否定，否认

He denied the rumor. 他说那是谣言。

(2)拒绝接受，拒绝给予

I denied him the request. 我拒绝他的请求。

2. gap (n.)

(1)裂口，裂缝

The road goes through a gap in the hills. 公路从山间峡路穿过。

(2)空白，间隔

He went to evening school to fill in the gaps in his education. 他上夜校来弥补他的教育上的缺欠。

Bridge a gap 填补空白，弥合差距，弥补缺陷

The generation gap  代沟

3. degrade (vt.)

(1)降级，贬低

I felt degraded by having to ask for money.  不得不向别人要钱，我感到有失尊严。

(2) 堕落

He degraded himself by cheating and telling lies. 他因欺骗和说谎而自甘堕落。

4. civil (a.)

(1)国民的，民用的

civil duties 公民的义务  civil right 民权

civil aviation 民航

(2) 国内的，民间的

civil war 内战  civil disorder 骚乱

相关短语

civil defence 民防   civil disobedience 非暴力反抗

civil engineering 土木工程   civil law   民法

5. argument (n.)

(1) 争论，辨论

We agreed without much further argument . 我们没怎么争论就达成了一致意见。

(2) 论据，理由

There are strong arguments for and against capital punishment. 对于执行死刑，赞成与反对的双方都有强有力的论据。

二、重点短语

1. watch (over) 看守，照管，监视

Could you watch over my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳时你看着我的衣服行吗？

2. call up

(1)打电话

Please call me up tomorrow morning. 请明天上午给我打电话。

(2)使想起，使忆起

The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 这欢笑声使他回忆起童年时代的情景。

3.make one’s way to / towards 走，行走，前进

I’ll make my way home now. 我现在要回家了。

4.pay back 偿还，回报

Have you paid back the money you owe me yet? 你向我借的钱还了吗？

5.clean up 收拾整洁；打扫；整顿

The students are cleaning up the classroom. 学生们正在打扫教室。

三、主要句型

1. The prisoners stay shackled when they use toilets. 囚犯们去厕所时仍带着镣铐。

Stay,连系动词，表示“继续停留在某状态”。后可接形容词或过去分词

The weather is going to stay fine. 天气将持续晴好。{

Unit Fve

TextA

The New Music

I．课文语言精要

一.重点词汇

1.folk

n.

(1)人们 (pl. folk或folks)

Folks differ in their tastes. 各有所好。

Some folks are too shy to speak in front of people. 有些人面对大众会害羞不敢说话。

(2)（口语）家属，亲属

He wrote regularly to his folks. 他定期给家人写信。

a.民间的

folk dance/ table /song/ art 民间舞蹈/传说/歌曲/艺术

2.distinct (a.)

与其他不同的，独特的（后接from）

Donkeys and horses are distinct animals. 驴和马是不同种的动物。

There is a distinct smell of perfume in the room. 房间中明显有香水气味。

比较：distinct  distinctive

从意义上讲，前者表示“不同的；清晰的”，而后者表示“特殊的；有特色的”。

The twins have distinct personalities. 这对双胞胎有不同的性格。

3. readily (a.)

(1) 乐意地

She ‘d readily help you. 她会乐意帮助你。

(2) 很快地，容易地

The sofa can be readily turned into a bed. 这张沙发很容易被变成床。

4.passive (a.)

(1)被动的

the passive voice 被动语态

passive smoking 被动吸烟

(2) 消极的

It’s a passive way of thinking.那是一种消极的想法。

5.spontaneous (a.)

自发的，本能的，自动的

He made a spontaneous offer of help. 他自愿提供帮助。

二、重点短语

1.take place 发生，举行

Great changes have taken place in China in recent years. 最近几年中国发生了巨大的变化。

2.capable of +名词或动名词  有能力……，有可能……

You’re capable of better work than this. 你能做得更好。

3.instead of  代管；而不……

He like studying in the evening instead of during the day. 他喜欢在夜间而不是在白天学习。

Text B

Different Types of Composers

I 课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1. inspire (vt.)

1）鼓舞；激起

The father inspired confidence in his son. 父亲激发了儿子的信心。

2）使产生灵感；促使……

Mary Chinese poets were inspired by Huang River.  黄河使很多中国诗人产生了灵感。

[比较] excite, stimulate

excite 激动，兴奋（指情感，精神方面）

stimulate 刺激（感觉、兴趣等）

Everybody was excited at the news of the victory. 听到胜利的消息后，大家大为兴奋。

The medicine stimulates the brain .这个药使大脑兴奋。

2. fruitful (a.)

1)有成果的，有收获的

a fruitful meeting  一次富有成效的会议。

We had a fruitful day. 我们过了颇有收获的一天。

2) 果实累累的，多产的

The trees are fruitful  那些树果实累累。

3.output (n.)

1)产量

The average output of the factory is 20 cars a day. 该工厂的平均产量是每天20辆汽车。

We must increase our output to meet demand  我们必须提高产量以满足需求。

2) 输出

an output key 输出键

4.handle

n.  柄，把手

Be careful with that saucepan——the handle is loose.  小心那个长柄锅，把儿松了。

v.

1)拿，弄

Wash your hands before you handle food. 洗完手再拿食物。

2)运用，操纵

This car handles well. 这辆车开起来真灵便。

3)管理，经营

This shop does not handle such goods. 这家商店不经营这类商品。

5.summarize (v.)概述，总结

He summarized the discussion at the end of the meeting。 在会议结束时，他对讨论做了一下总结。

6.harmony (n.)

1)协调，和谐

Our aim is to maintain the harmony between the two nations 我们的目的是保持两国之间的和谐。

2)融洽，一致

We live together in perfect harmony. 我们生活得十分融洽。

7.evident a. 明显的，明白的

He looked at his children with evident pride 他看着自己的孩子，充满了自豪。

二、重点短语

1. serve as

1)适合（于），满足（需要）

This room can serve as a study. 这个房间可作书房用。

This box will serve as a seat. 这个箱子可当椅子坐。

2)充当……，但任……

He served as an officer in the navy at war. 战时他在海军当军官。

2. belong in 应归入（类别，范畴等）；适合

The book belongs in that bookcase. 这本书应该是放在那个书架里。

3.put ( sth )down 写下，记下

I put down his address. 我记下他地址。

4.begin with

1）把……作为开始

We shall begin with the text of Lesson 5 today. 今天我们将学习第5课的课文。

2)第一；首先

To begin with, I don’t like his attitude. 第一点，我不喜欢他的态度。

3)起初

To begin with ,he had on money, but later he became quite rich. 他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。

Unit Six

Text A

Improving Industrial Efficiency Through Robotics

I 课文语言精要

一、重点词汇

1. prevalent (a.) 流行的，普通的

The prevalent opinion is in favor of reform. 一般舆论都支持改革。

2. install (vt.) 安装

I’m having a shower installed. 我正在安装淋浴设备。

3.specifie  (a.)

1) 特有的，特定的

I bought it for a specific purpose. 我为了特定的目标才买了它。

It is a way of living specific to him. 那是他特有的生活方式。

2)具体的，明确的

He came here for a specific aim. 他来这儿有明确的目的。

4. scale (n.)

1) 刻度，表度

This thermometer has a scale in centigrade marked on it. 这个温度计标有摄氏刻度。

2)规模

The scale of his spending amazed us all. 他开销之大把我们都吓了一跳。

3) 比例（尺）

The scale of the map is 1:5000. 这张地图的比例是1：5000

4) 天平，磅秤

a pair of scales 一台天平

He weighed himself on the bathroom scales. 他用浴室秤量体重。

5. shade

n.

1) 荫，阴影

Let’s sit in the shade  我们会在阴凉处吧。

The old tree provides a pleasant shade. 好棵老树荫宜人。

2)遮光物，罩

Please pull down the window shade. 请拉下窗帘。

(vt.)遮蔽，遮光

The building shades our house. 那幢大楼挡住我们家的光线。

6. defective (a.)有缺点的，有缺陷的

He bought a pair of defective leather shoes. 他买了一双劣质皮鞋。

7.assenble (v.)

1)集合

He spends his spare time assembling stamps.  他在闲暇收集邮票。

2)装配

They assemble cars in that factory. 他们在那个工厂装配汽车。

二、重点短语

1. in question 正被谈论的

Where is the man in question? 当事人在哪里？

2. plenty of  大量的，丰富的

There are plenty of students who want to speak English 有很多学生想要学说英文。

We had plenty of rain this year. 我们这里今年雨水很多。

3. be  responsible for

1)对……负责的

The old man is responsible for feeding the horses. 那老人负责喂马。

2)成为……的原因

What is responsible for the fight? 那场打架的起因是什么？

4. know about (of) 了解；听说关于……的情况

I don’t know him personally, though I know of him. 我并不认识他，但我听说过他。

三、主要句型

1. Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field, are beginning to be seen, although to a lesser degree, in other industries as well.

“already taking over human tasks in the automotive field” 是现在分词词组作非限定性定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句。其中 “ although to a lesser degree” 是状语。“ to … degree” 表示“在某种程度上”。

2. When light from an object such as a machine part strikes the camera, the sensitive materials measure the intensity of light and convert the light rays into a range of numbers.

“ when light form an object such as a machine part strikes the camera,” 是一个状语。 “from an object such as a machine part” 是介词短语作后置定语修饰light. “ convert … into” 意思是“把… 转换成.. ”例： We converted the small bedroom into a second bathroom . 我们把这个小卧室改成了另一个浴室。

II、欣赏与背诵
1) Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry, where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.
2) Robots, already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen , although　to a lesser degree, in other industries as well.
3) The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials, preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.
4) Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task, they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.
5) Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.
6) With the ability to “see” , robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.
7) Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.